Tremendous Value Of The Great Migration - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1301 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: The Great Migration Essay Did you like this example? The Great Migration was the enacted movement of six million African Americans from the Southern to the Northern Hemisphere of the United States between the years of 1916 to 1970.It is historically divided between two periods: the first Great Migration, which occurred between 1916 and1930, when a bout 1.6 million individuals migrated from rural regions, and the Second Great Migration, from 1940 to 1970, with more than 5 million African Americans migrating. The reason for this interval is that the movement decelerated during the decade following the Stock Market Crash of 1929. However, these freed men were able to continue their mass departure soon after the Great Depression, due to the entry of the United States into World War II. For the most part ,this relocation, being one of the most appalling consequences of two world wars, as well as the greatest migration movement in history; both voluntary and compulsory,1had a vast influence in the life of African Americans, for through it, not only did they become more integrated in working matters and the public life, but also unenclosed new political and social paths, further reestablishing a success full black urban culture in the future. In the beginning of the Twentieth Century, more than nine type cent of African Americans lived in the predominantly rural Southern states, whilst only about eight percent in the North. During that period, most blacks were sharecroppers and tenant farmers who remained vulnerable to exploitation. The most compelling evidence is that landowners often forced sharecroppers to acc ept artificially low prices for their crops, although they would charge expensive prices for their products, including seeds, tools, and groceries at the local stores they controlled. Also, Negroes were subjected to mistreatment and deprivations in Southern industries, since railroad contractors in the South treated them, their black layers, like prisoners. An example of this abuse would be that track layers were paid only once a month and forced to purchase food at the company commissary, where high prices claimed most of what they earned. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tremendous Value Of The Great Migration" essay for you Create order In brief, blacks were confined to the dirtiest and most grueling jobs.2Continuously, asides from the unfair treatment they extensively tolerated, the South was no longer a profitable place, since it had passed through a disastrous war, the effects of which so blighted the hopes of its citizens in the economic world that their land seemed to pass, so to speak, through a dark age. At that point, only a few educated Negroes had reached the position of being satisfied in the South. The rest of the Negroes, including those eliminated from politics, however, could not easily bring themselves around to thinking that they should remain there in a state of recognized inferiority, especially when during the eighties and nineties there were many evidences that economic as well as political conditions would become worse.3Therefore, the worsening world of white supremacy that arose in that period,4as well as economic factors, were of the main reasons many African Americans began to move into Nort hern and Midwestern states, such as Michigan, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New York. Furthermore, they were hoping to find jobs in steel mills, railroads, automobile factories, and meatpacking industries. Other reasons include that they were searching for better schools and educational opportunities, as well as social equality and recognition, to be more involved in the American culture.T his is reinforced in the books A Century of Negro Migration(1918), and What the Negro Thinks(1929), as through them, it is mentioned that in the North, they earn more money than they have been accustomed to earn in the South. They are attracted also by the liberal attitude of some whites in the aspect that it gives the Negroes a liberty in northern centers which leads them to think that they are citizens of the country;5Also, that the Negro is not looking for special privileges, but for recognition by public authority of his right to enjoy equal privileges with other American citizens. Many of those who left the South were heading for larger Northern cities, including Cleveland, Detroit, Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, and later to Western cities as well, such as Seattle, Los Angeles, Oakland, and Phoenix. All these cities experienced significant surges in population, considering that nationwide, only 740,000 African Americans lived outside of the South in the 1900s. However, as the Twentieth Century progressed, this number eventually rose to more than 10 million living in other regions of the United States. Simultaneously, the departure of these thrifty and industrious negroes was not spasmodic, but rather a steady drain of the best class of laborers that the South now has.7Thismigration had numerous different ramifications for the nation, for as Negro populations increased, many Northern cities became progressively more integrated. African Americans began working alongside recent European immigrants, as well as other white residents, due to the need for employment t hat resulted from mass industrializations in factories, the growth of new railroads and automobiles, and new job opportunities from white Northerners going to war who are leaving their originally owned positions open. This migration is utterly influential in todays world, since it was able to create a change by making the Negroes become more recognized and integrated in the American Society. Initially, there were negative consequences of this movement, being that African Americans would experience racism in their new homes. For instance, in some neighborhoods, white residents moved to other places, in order tolive away from the Negroes. Also, most African Americans could rent apartments only in areas that real estate agents and banks had designated as colored, adding up to the statement that African Americans suffered the highest rate of residential segregation of any minority group. This prompted many of them to grow pessimistic about achieving racial equality.8However, in the midst of all this, the Negro thrivesAbove it all, his voice rises, singing; and above the note of his joy has become the symbol of our modern America. To the Negroes, the white man occasionally seems a bit pathetic in his insistence upon keeping the worth of the Negro hidden, in refusing to recognize skill and talent, honor and virtue, strength and goodness simply because it wears a black skin. Therefore, during the 1920s, an intellectual, social, and artistic awakening aiming to redefine the black culture emerged, which would eventually take place in New York, becoming known as the Harlem Renaissance. This crusade, a congregation of musicians, novelists, painters, and sculptors, between others, was symbolized by the image of the New Negro, who would no longer be deferential to whites but who would display his or her independence through talent and determination.10Over time, cities inhabited by them became important centers of African American culture. Negroes subsequently became important political constituencies in northern urban areas, where Democrats and Republicans generally supported efforts to end racial discrimination,11whichgeneratedmoreacceptance to these individuals. Nowadays, African Americans play a very active role in the current society of the United States, being that they have contributed in the establishment of businesses, political organizations, churches, and newspapers, amongst others. The Great Migration also contributed in turning the United States into a more interracial nation with more variety of cultures, religions, and set of beliefs, not only of African Americans, but also of other immigrants from diversified ethnic groups and forthcoming generations. All things considered, the Great Migration was a massive movement that has had an impact in the American society up to this day. Through it, African American individuals were determined to discover new economic opportunities, escape from Southern prejudice, and achieve social equality. Although Negroes had to resist long periods of racial segregation in their new cities at first, they remained persistent in their desire to be recognized, in terms of culture and capability, and were furtherly able to express themselves freely and become integrated, whilst obtaining active roles in occupations, society and politics.

End Stages Of Chronic Kidney Disease - 1049 Words

Rachel Perez Instructor Mallan-King ENC 1101 22 November 2015 ESRD End Stage Renal Disease also known as stage 5 of Chronic Kidney Disease. When this development happens you either need Dialysis or a kidney transplant to stay alive. DaVita has more than 2,100 outpatient dialysis centers located around the country. Our Kidneys are located in our lower back and are bean shaped organs that is very important to help our body filtrate waste and excess fluid amongst a few other things. It is said that â€Å"1 in 10 adults have Kidney Disease†. My alarm clock goes off at 3:45am and I shut it off to snooze 10 more minutes. Finally, five minutes till 4am I slide out of bed unwillingly and begin to put on my scrubs and grab my left overs to eat for†¦show more content†¦I do this repeatedly for each machine which can take up to 3-4 minutes and than run a test on the machine to make sure everything is connected to the correct place and the machine does not malfunction. About an hour later when this process is completed amongst other things my c o-workers are helping finish off some tasks and my nurse for the day shows up and at 6am she allows the first 3-4 patients onto the floor. I grab my first patient of the day and have him â€Å"weigh† in than show him to his usual seat. I then have my patient stand up and I proceed to do my first of about a million â€Å"blood pressure† readings for the day. Once that is done I have my patient sit down and get comfy and do my second blood pressure reading. I get my patients â€Å"temperature† and â€Å"pulse†. I enter all of my info on the computer that stands next to the patients machine and make sure everything was okay since last visit and if the patient has any concerns or complaints. After all is verified, I use my â€Å"sphygmomanometer† to listen to my patient’s fistulas â€Å"bruit†. I hear the loud swoosh sound repeatedly like waves hitting the shore. I â€Å"palpate† for the â€Å"thrill† on my patient’s â€Å"fistula† to make sure the blood flow is normal and there is no â€Å"infiltration†. I gather all my supplies and make sure I am in full gear with my shield, white gown and gloves. My nurse comes over and greets my patient and listens to his lungs. Once everything is

Blue White Selection Free Essays

Blue white selection  is a widely used method in screening recombinants in cloning. This is based on the gene product of lac z gene. The plasmid vectors contain this gene which produces  ? galactosidase  enzyme. We will write a custom essay sample on Blue White Selection or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a gene is inserted close to  lac z gene, the reading frame will be distorted and the gene is inactivated. So the transformed cells will not produce this enzyme and are called competent cells. After the recombination, the bacterial cells are grown in a medium containing X gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-? D-galactopyranoside) and  IPTG (Isopropyl ? -D-1-thiogalactopyranoside). IPTG acts as the inducer for lac z gene and enhance the production of ? galactosidase. When it is produced, combines with X gal to form a blue colour complex called  5,5†²-dibromo-4,4†²-dichloro-indigo  which is insoluble. The transformed colonies will appear white in colour and non- transformed cells will appear blue in colour. This method is also called as insertional inactivation of lac z gene. Hybridization  techniques are widely used to identify recombinants. This is based on the ability of nucleic acids hybridize with complementary DNA. The transformed cells are transferred on to a  nitrocellulose membrane  which is subjected to cell lysis. The double stranded DNA is converted to single stranded DNA and immobilized on the membrane. Then it is treated with radiolabelled  probes  complementary to target DNA. If the desired DNA is present, the probes will be hybridized which can be detected by autoradiography. Apart from these methods,  immunochemical methods  are used to detect protein products to screen recombinants. How to cite Blue White Selection, Essay examples

What is Transactional Analysis free essay sample

Transactional Analysis was founded by Dr. Eric Berne – an innovative and creative thinker who brought together some of the most effective ideas in psychotherapy (analytic, cognitive behavioural, phenomenological) into a powerful body of theory and practice. Although psychoanalytically trained, he espoused the values of the humanistic movement believing that change is possible and that human beings have a natural aspiration to live in harmony with themselves and others. Perhaps his most significant contribution was that he sought to demystify psychotherapy and use concepts, language and methods, which were understandable to all. He developed theories, that have both simple immediacy and subtle depth. One of his most revolutionary innovations was the treatment contract, by which he invited his clients to choose their own goals and agree with him a plan for their psychotherapy. In recent years many new trends in transactional analysis have emerged producing exciting and effective approaches to working with individuals, couples and groups. The Institutes programmes seek to build upon Berne’s work, incorporating new developments in Transactional Analysis and integrating new ideas from other approaches to psychotherapy and counselling while retaining the original theoretical framework, values and accessibility. The most significant of these developments has been termed Relational Transactional Analysis. For further details of this approach click on the heading What is Relational TA in the navigation panel. Transactional Analysis: NOUN; A system of psychotherapy that analyzes personal relationships and interactions in terms of conflicting or complementary ego states that correspond to the roles of parent, child, and adult. Transactional Analysis is a therapy modality used to create growth and change. A man by the name of Eric Berne from San Francisco in the 1950s developed the concepts and tools of Transactional Analysis and introduced them to the public in his book Games People Play. Berne referred to Transactional Analysis as social psychiatry, meaning a form of therapy or counseling used by every day people. The concepts of Transactional Analysis are simple, straightforward, easy to use and understand, user-friendly, and not full of medical terminology or psychobabble like most other therapies. The tools and understanding provided by Transactional Analysis can create positive change to people, relationships, and the work environment when applied. Transactional Analysis is a theory of communications and interpersonal interaction. Sometimes the communications between two people have a hidden message, meaning, and agenda. The result of this hidden message is a game. The purpose of the game is to get a need met, without asking directly for what we need or want. People learn how to play these games to get our needs met as children, and they worked then. Now, as adults, they are the source of problems in our every-day relationships with ourselves and those around us, because things get much more complicated as our age progresses. Transactional Analysis is also a theory on personality and psychological structure. The concept of the parent, adult, and child ego states also originated in Transactional Analysis. These ideas help people to understand, explain and change their behavior and have better relationships with others. Through these ideas, people begin to understand ourselves and how we operate, as well as others. Relational TA Relational Transactional Analysis is a term that has evolved in recent years to describe a paradigm shift in the theory and practice of transactional analysis, which mirrors similar shifts that have been occurring in the wider psychotherapy, counselling and psychological fields. Over the past two decades within TA, there has been a move away from a focus on cognitive insight as the path to psychological change, towards an appreciation and emphasis on the working through of, the conscious and more significantly the unconscious relational dynamics that arise between the therapist and the client. Relational TA therefore is a framework or way of thinking about the work, about the role of the practitioner and about methodology. Many of the original models of transactional analysis, which are still in existence today, are concerned with the process of strengthening the Adult ego state – the ability to function successfully in the here and now and take control of self-defeating behaviours. Naturally as part of our training we teach these models. These relate mainly to cognitive behavioural processes however – and therefore rely on a capacity to think consciously about things and take charge of the situation. Although they are often effective and supportive of increased levels of functioning, these kind of approaches are often not adequate when dealing with deeper injuries to the self, which tend instead to manifest through powerful unconscious transferential and countertransferential processes, which cannot be tamed, controlled or mastered in quite the same way. Relational TA therefore, is interested in those processes and methodologies that appreciate, contextualise and seek to understand and engage with the language and power of the unconscious. These processes require quite different models and frameworks and within our training we teach and emphasise such models, all of which have been developed within the relational TA community to support practitioners as they engage with clients at this more fundamental level of relating, uncovering and analysing as they do so, any unhelpful relational patterns that the client has developed as a way of defending themselves and in the process, offering new relational possibilities. Relational TA practitioners therefore have a range of TA models to draw upon, those that work at the cognitive behavioural level and those that work at a more psychodynamic level and different relational TA practitioners will and do, draw quite differently upon them, which is one of the things that makes relational TA so exciting and diverse, what they all have in common with each other however, and therefore what unifies them, is a set of concepts which are a central feature of their work, these include: The importance that is placed on relationship, in all its forms – with the self, with the other and with the inter-subjective (what happens when we get together). The belief that the most profound change happens through experience (as opposed to cognitive insight), and most powerfully through relational experiences that embody and enact different meanings from those that relationships once did for the client. The central focus of bringing to light the unconscious relational patterns that shape all of our experiences of ourselves and of our selves with others. A recognition that providing different relational experiences from those that are expected and/or longed for by the client, can be extremely exacting for both parties, and within this the practitioner as well as the client will be called upon to extend, challenge, change and get to know them-self in some new way. The belief that the practitioner is an active participant in the work and is not and cannot be a neutral observer within this. This suggests a two person rather than a one-person approach – the client is not there to be done to, nor the practitioner to be a benign provider of what was once missing for the client; both parties are actively involved in the process of finding new and more authentic ways of relating with each other. That central importance that is placed on the way that the practitioner uses the pushes and pulls of their own subjective experience (or countertransference) with the client, to inform when and what intervention will best enhance the client’s knowledge of self and of the other. An appreciation for the fact that certainty is neither possible nor necessarily desirable in the search for meaning. Recognising that the meanings that we have or will arrive at have been shaped and co-created and filtered through our individual social contexts, there is a belief that shifting from an individual perspective into a multiple perspective adds a depth and richness to the endeavour that enhances rather than detracts from it. In line with this ‘both/and’ thinking is valued over ‘either/or’. That the client is seen as and is treated very much as an adult, who is capable of a reciprocal, adult relationship with the practitioner. Within this the maternal metaphor in which the practitioner acts as a temporary replacement for unsatisfactory parents, there to meet their client’s unmet relational needs, is made problematic. Instead, the â€Å"activity of relatedness† and a â€Å"love of truth†, (Cornell and Bonds-white 2001), where both parties are willing to acknowledge reality about themselves is emphasised.